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臺灣能源期刊論文全文

臺灣能源期刊第9卷第4期內容

出刊日期:December, 2022

題目
經社變數、電價及能效管理對住宅部門節能減碳的影響
Title
Effects of Demographic Variables, Electricity Price and Energy Efficiency Regulations on Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction: Problems and Reevaluation
作者
黃宗煌、李慶育、羅新衡、高紹惠、梁雪富
Authors
Chung-Huang Huang, Ching-Yu Li, Shin-Hang Lo, Shao-Hui Kao, Alfo Liang
摘要
淨零排放的倡議佔有全球環境倫理和永續發展的制高點,不僅普受國際社會重視,所造成的節 能減碳壓力與衝擊不容小覷,更是各國政府殫精竭慮的施政重點之一,各種政策(包括科技創新、 能源轉型與產業轉型等)及願景因乃接踵而至。做為間接排放源及化石燃料的替代品,電力的使用 效率提升成為節能減碳的重要策略之一,惟其影響因素甚為多元,舉凡經社因素、電價與能效管理 等政策工具對住宅部門電力消費(residential electricity consumption, REC)的影響,自是不可忽視的課 題,惟國外眾多的分析結論不足為國內之當然爾。國內關於住宅部門電力消費的研究成果極為豐 富,但歷有文獻的結論卻常見相互逕庭,莫衷一是的現象;效果大小有所差異,固可理解,但符號 及趨勢相左則令人不解。本文先從文獻上評述人口結構變遷、所得、電價及電器能效管理工具(尤 其是「最低能效標準」(minimum energy performance standards, MEPS)和「能效分級標示」(energy efficiency labeling, EEL)等政策工具對REC的影響及其潛在問題,繼而說明推估REC所面臨的各種 難題;本文則建立兩組資料(一為包含20個縣市的面板資料,一為涵蓋1982年−2021年的時間序列資 料),分別推估REC的共整合迴歸模型和誤差修正模型,藉以比較政策的長期和短期的節電效果, 除了據以說明歷有文獻何以出現南轅北轍的原因,也為未來的政策影響評估提出具體建議。
關鍵字
住宅部門,電力消費,電價彈性,老齡化人口,共整合迴歸,誤差修正模型
Abatract
The Net Zero Emission Initiatives, characterized by its noble vision on global environmental ethics and sustainable development, has attracted worldwide attention and is likely to create nonnegligible impact on the economy. Governments of all levels, therefore, are placing much emphasis on technological innovation and devoting themselves to improve energy efficiency and save electricity consumption. Research on the factors contributing to residential electricity consumption is quite rich in literature. Nevertheless, empirical results often exhibit diversified estimates (with respect to price elasticity in particular) and sometimes inconsistent with each other. Focusing on such instruments as demographic variables, electricity price, income, the minimum efficiency performance standards (MEPS) and energy efficiency labeling (EEL), we set up a panel data (2014−2021 × 20 counties) and a time series data (1982-2021) to estimate, respectively, both a cointegrated regression model and an error correction model, that allow us to explain why the estimates in literature are so confusing. The long-run and short-run effects of all explanatory variables are reported, and policy implications addressed.
Keywords
residential sector, electricity consumption, aging population, cointegration regression, error correction model.