臺灣能源期刊發行
- 創刊日期：
102年11月30日
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經濟部能源署
- 發行人：
游振偉
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台北市復興北路2號13樓
- 電話：
02-2772-1370
- 執行單位：
財團法人工業技術研究院
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新竹縣竹東鎮中興路四段195號26館
- 服務專線：
03-5916006
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- 總編輯：
王漢英胡均立
- 顧問：
王運銘童遷祥王人謙
- 執行主編：
劉子衙陳志臣
- 編輯委員：
方良吉王錫福朱家齊李堅明李叢禎林師模馬鴻文陳希立廖芳玲廖肇寧劉文獻蕭志同顧洋(依筆畫順序排列)
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臺灣能源期刊論文全文
臺灣能源期刊第1卷第4期內容
出刊日期：September, 2014
- 題目
- 論節能白色證書制度及其政策意涵：英國、法國、義大利經驗
- Title
- Energy-Saving Tradable White Certificate and Its Policy Implications: the UK, France, Italy Experiences
- 作者
- 許志義、盧姵君
- Authors
- Jyh-Yih Hsu, Pei-Jyun Lu
- 摘要
- 環境保護與妥善資源配置已成為全球共同關注之焦點，而能源效率，更是環境議題之重要核心。為提升能源效率，歐盟國家推出白色證書交易制度(Tradable White Certificate, TWC)。TWC係指由政府規定節能義務量(obligation)，並將能源節約目標量分配給節能義務者(obligator)。企業或者個人之節能行為，透過公正測量與認證(measurement and verification, M&V)，可獲得白色證書，並在市場上交易，符合寇式定理(Coase Theorem)。此種政策工具，係透過市場機制，兼顧節能減碳目標與市場經濟效率。
本文旨在探討英國、法國及義大利實施白色證書制度之經驗，包括白色證書施行內容、市場架構、法規制度之比較。各國根據其國內相對具經濟效益之節能技術，優先制定認證規則與法令規章。英國節能義務者為較具規模之能源供應商，其白色認證交易並不活絡；法國節能義務者涵蓋各規模與種類之能源供應商，白色認證採網路交易；義大利節能義務者僅規範電力輸配業者，白色認證與綠色電力證書之交易平台整合，資訊相對透明。
接著，本文由技術面、法制面、操作面及經濟面，分析臺灣導入白色證書制度之可行性，並提出三大推動策略：(1) 宜釐清白色認證並宣導正確意涵；(2) 積極推廣教育訓練，培植能源服務公司(Energy Service Company, ESCO)專業認證人員；(3) 建立健全之白色認證交易市場架構。最後，本文亦提供短中長期規劃建議，短中期可效仿英國，以達成節能義務量為優先考量，並逐年擴大節能義務者之家數與範圍；長期則應促進能源服務產業升級，建立健全市場，並落實白色認證交易。
- 關鍵字
- 寇式定理、白色證書、節能義務量、能源服務公司(ESCO)、量測與認證(M&V)
- Abatract
- How to improve energy efficiency has become an important global issue. To enhance energy efficiency, European countries launched a Tradable White Certificate (TWC) system. The governmental authority sets the energy savings target and allocates those target quotas (obligations) to enterprises or individuals (obligators). Enterprises or individuals who have conducted energy saving behavior, through a trustworthy measurement and verification (M&V), would receive a TWC, which can be traded through a market mechanism. This TWC system is conformable with the Coase Theorem.
The thrust of this paper aims to explore the tradable white certificate policy of United Kingdom, France and Italy. The implementation of tradable white certificates system, market structure and regulatory scheme are examined. United Kingdom’s obligators are mostly large-scale energy suppliers. French obligators include all sizes and types of energy suppliers, and the trading of TWCs are over the internet. Italian obligators are electric transmission and distribution industries, the TWCs are traded in the same platform that the green electricity certificate (i.e., renewable energy) have been traded. How to improve energy efficiency has become an important global issue. To enhance energy efficiency, European countries launched a Tradable White Certificate (TWC) system. The governmental authority sets the energy savings target and allocates those target quotas (obligations) to enterprises or individuals (obligators). Enterprises or individuals who have conducted energy saving behavior, through a trustworthy measurement and verification (M&V), would receive a TWC, which can be traded through a market mechanism. This TWC system is conformable with the Coase Theorem. The thrust of this paper aims to explore the tradable white certificate policy of United Kingdom, France and Italy. The implementation of tradable white certificates system, market structure and regulatory scheme are examined. United Kingdom’s obligators are mostly large-scale energy suppliers. French obligators include all sizes and types of energy suppliers, and the trading of TWCs are over the internet. Italian obligators are electric transmission and distribution industries, the TWCs are traded in the same platform that the green electricity certificate (i.e., renewable energy) have been traded.
Then, the paper conducted a TWC feasibility analysis from technical, legal, operational and economic perspectives for Taiwan. Furthermore, three strategies were suggested as below: (1) The government related agencies should clarify the concept of TWC and advocate its policy implications; (2) The government related agencies should promote education, training and collaboration for ESCO professional certification personnel; (3) The government related agencies should establish a framework for the TWC market. Finally, this paper also provided the short-term and the long-term planning directions. In the short-term, Taiwan could follow UK experience which focuses on fulfilling obligation in the beginning stage, and gradually expand the number and scope of obligator; in the long-term, the government should promote energy services industry upgrading, and establish a sound market for implementing the TWC system.
- Keywords
- Coase Theorem, White Certification, Energy Saving Obligation, Energy Service Companies, Measurement and Verification